Radiation Tissue Changes & Fibrosis

Physical Therapy for Radiation-Induced Tissue Changes & Fibrosis

Radiation therapy can cause tissue changes and fibrosis, leading to stiffness, pain, reduced mobility, and functional limitations. These effects often develop gradually, sometimes months or years after treatment, particularly in areas like the breast, chest wall, neck, or pelvic region. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in preventing and managing radiation fibrosis, improving flexibility, reducing pain, and restoring function.

Key Components of Physical Therapy for Radiation Fibrosis

1. Manual Therapy & Myofascial Release:

   • Hands-on techniques to mobilize tight, fibrotic tissue and improve circulation

   • Soft tissue massage, myofascial release, and trigger point therapy help break down adhesions and improve movement.

2. Stretching & Range of Motion Exercises:

   • Targeted stretching to prevent or reduce contractures in affected areas

   • Gentle, sustained stretches for the chest, shoulders, neck, or pelvis, depending on radiation site

3. Scar Tissue Mobilization:

   • If radiation therapy was combined with surgery, scar massage techniques can help break down adhesions and improve tissue mobility

4. Strength Training & Postural Correction:

   • Weakness and poor posture can result from radiation fibrosis, especially in the chest, shoulders, and neck (e.g., after breast cancer treatment)

   • Strengthening exercises focus on postural muscles, core stability, and functional strength

   • Pilates-based or gentle resistance exercises with bands or weights may be included

5. Breathing Exercises for Chest & Rib Mobility:

   • Radiation to the chest or breast area can cause restricted lung expansion

   • Diaphragmatic breathing and rib mobility exercises help improve lung function and reduce tightness

6. Neuromuscular Re-Education:

   • Radiation can affect nerve function, causing numbness, tingling, or weakness

   • Techniques such as proprioception training, coordination drills, and sensory re-education help restore normal movement patterns

7. Pelvic Floor Therapy (if pelvic radiation was received):

   • Pelvic radiation can lead to fibrosis affecting pelvic muscles, bladder, and bowel function

   • A pelvic floor physical therapist can provide manual therapy, exercises, and biofeedback to restore function and reduce discomfort

8. Lymphedema Management:

   • Radiation can damage lymphatic vessels, increasing the risk of lymphedema (swelling in the limbs, chest, or groin)

   • A Certified Lymphedema Therapist (CLT) can provide manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, and skin care strategies

Patients experiencing radiation fibrosis or mobility issues should consult a physical therapist specializing in oncology rehabilitation or myofascial therapy for personalized care.